522
91
FEDERAL REPORTER.
UNITED STATES v. UTARD.
(Circuit Court, S. D. New York. January 21, 1899.) No. 2,543. CuSTOMS DUTIES-CLASSIFICATION-SMELLTIm
Perf'lmed smelllng salts were dutiable as chemical salts, under paragraph 60 of the act of 1894 (28 Stat. 511), and not as articles of perfumery, under paragraph 61-
This was an application by the United States for a review of the decision of the board of general appraisers in respect to the classification for duty of certain imported merchandise. Albert Comstock, for appellant. Henry C. Platt, Asst. U. S. Atty. WHEELER, District Judge. These are perfumed smelling salts, and have been held by the board of general appraisers to be dutiable, as chemical salts, at 25 per cent., under paragraph 60 of the act of 1894 (28 Stat. 511). They were claimed to be dutiable, as "articles of perfumery," at 40 per cent., under paragraph 61, and that they are covered by ammonia, in paragraph 8f is now suggested. Articles of perfumery are understood to be thmgs that perfume other things; these are things So perfumed. And they seem so well found to be specifically salts that the finding should stand. Decision affirmed.
DANA et al. v. UNI'rED S'fATES.
(Circuit Court, S. D. New York. No. 2,550. 1. CUSTOMS DUTIES CLASSIFICATION PRAISERS-SIMILITUDES.
January 21, 1899.) Ap·
REVIEW OF BOARD OF GENERAL
A finding by the board of general appraisers that an article is or is not similar to another article, within the similitude clause of the tariff act, is a conclusion of law rather than one purely of fact, and is therefore . reviewable by the courts.
2.
SAME-FERRO' CHROME.
Ferro-chrome was dutiable under the act ot 1894 at four dollars per ton, as being an article similar to ferro-manganese, provided for in paragraph 110.
This was an application by Dana & Co., importers, for a review of the decision of the bOard of general appraisers in respect to the classification for duty of certain merchandise imported by them. W. Wickham Smith, for appellants. James T. Van Rensselaer, Asst. U. S. Atty. WHEELER, District Judge. The act of 1894 provided for duty on: "110. Iron in pigs, iron kentledge, spiegeleisen, ferro-manganese, ferro-silicon, wrought and cast scrap iron, and scrap steel, four dollars per ton." Section 4 provides that any nonenumerated article which is
HENSEL V. UNITED STATES.
523
similar, either in material, quality, texture, or the use to which it may be applied to any article enumerated, shall pay the same rate of duty as the article enumerated. This article is ferro-chrome. The board has found "that ferro-silicon, ferro-manganese, and ferro-chrome are employed in making hard or tough iron or steel; but each is used for a distinct and different purpose, the silicon to get rid of carbon, the manganese for excess of sulphur, and the chrome to eliminate phosphorus"; and that "it is not similar to the articles named in paragraph 110." The witness who testified to the mode and purposes of use said that it was, to some extent, interchangeable with ferro-manganese. Although similitude is, necessarily, a fact, and findings of fact by the board upon warrantable evidence are not to be disturbed by the court same evidence, the latter finding seems to be upon any view of rather a conclusion of law from the former ones than the finding of an ultimate fact from the evidence, and that conclusion may be reviewed. The difference in value appears to have been allowed much weight; but that is not made any criterion by the statute; and that testimony as to interchangeability was not contradicted. The question here now seems to be whether, in view of the uncontradicted evidence, and the general finding of similitude of use in making iron and steel, and of the differences found, the conclusion of want of similarity to the articles named in paragraph 110 takes this article out of the similitude, of the statute, to ferro-manganese. Similarity is not identity; it implies differences as well as it expresses likenesses. The differences found do not appear to so meet and overcome the likenesses as to neutralize them, and exclude the similarity in use, of the statute. Decision reversed. HENSEL et at v. UNITED STATES.
(Circuit Court, S. D. New York. January 18, 1899.) No. 2,740. CUSTOMS DUTIES-CLASSIFICATION-PICTURE FRAMES.
Picture frames of wood, fitted to the pictures, are Incidents of the pictures, and dutiable. at the same rate, as part of their value, and not separately, as manufactures of wood.
This was an appeal by Hensel and others from the decision of the board of general appraisers in respect to the classification for duty of certain picture frames attached to pictures which were imported by them. Howard T. Walden, for appellants. Henry C. Platt, Asst. U. S. Atty. WHEELER, District Judge. These are "frames attached to" pICtures, assessed as manufactures of wood, at 35 per cent., instead of at 20 per cent., with the pictures, as a part of their value, or at the same rate as cases for them. Section 19 of the customs administrative act of 1890 provides that duties shall be assessed upon the market valne of merchandise in the condition in which it is boug4t and sold for ex-