UNITED STATES T. KING.
625
UNITED STATES v. KING. (DIstrict Court, E. D. Wisconsin. June 25, 1897.) JURISDICTION OF .
OFFENSE COMMITTED BY ONE INDIAN AGAINST ANOTHER UNITED STATES COURT.
The otIense of assault with intent to commit rape, committed by an Indian upon an Indian woman, both residing upon an Indian reservation, Is not cognizable as a crime by any statute of the United States, and United States courts have no jUrlsdlctlon of such offense.
M. C. Phillips, for the United States. Geo. E. Williams, for defendant. SEAMAN, District Judge. The defendant stands convicted under an indictment for assault with intent to commit rape. Both the accused and the assaulted woman are Oneida Indians, under charge of an Indian agent, and residing on the Oneida reservation, where the alleged assault was committed. Motion is made in arrest of judgment, and the only question presented is whether the offense is cognizable under the United States statutes. The power of congress to legislate in regard to crimes by or against the Indians as wards of the government is clearly settled by the decisions of the supreme court. U. S. v. Kagama, 118 U. So 375, 6 Sup. Ct. 1109; U. S. v. Thomas, 151 U. S. 577, 14 Sup. ct. 426. Is thel'eany such legislation covering the offense alleged in this indictment? Prior to the act of March 3, 1885(23 Stat. 362, 385, c.341, § 9), it appears that congress had not undertaken to legislate respecting offenses committed by one l)ldian against the person or property of another, aside from special provisions contained in title 28, Rev. St., exceptional in their nature. U. S. v. Kagama, 118 U. S. 375, 377, 6 Sup. Ct. 1109. While section 2145 of that title provides that "the general laws of the United States as to the punishment of crimes committed in any place within the sole. and. exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, except the District of Columbia, shall extend to the Indian country," section 2146 (as contained in the second edition of the Revised Stat· utes, pursuant to correction in the act of February 18, 1875) excludes from the operation of the previous section "crimes committed by one Indian against the person or property of another Indian." These provisions are clearly applicable here. Ex parte Crow Dog, 109 U. S. 556, 3 Sup. Ct. 396; In re Mayfield, 141 U. S. 107, 11 Sup. ct. 939; Famous Smith v. Do S., 151 U. S. 50, 14 Sup. ct. 234. The act of 1885, above referred to, provided for the punishment of Indians committing murder and other specifil:'d crimes, and gave cognizance to the United States courts when committed within the limits of a reservation in a state. This legislation was considered by the supreme court, and its constitntionality upheld, in U. S. v.' Kagama, supra, and U. S. v. Thomas, supra; and, so far as jurisdiction is conferred by that act, it must be regarded as exclusive, and as modifying, to that extent at least, the ruling in State v. Doxtater, 47 Wis. 278,2 N. W. 439. But the offense charged against this defendant is not provided for in this 81 F.--40
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626
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FEDE'RAL· REPORTER.
enactment, nor in any United States statute. It is true that section 5391, Rev. St. U. S., adopts the laws of the respective states for offenses committed in places under the exclusive jurisdiction o:f the United States where punishment is not specially provided for by any law of the United States, but this section is expressly excluded from operation in this case by section 2146, above cited. Therefore the Wisconsin statute providing for such offenses cannot be inVOked. As this court is wholly dependent upon statutes of the United States for its criminal jurisdiction, and cannot take cognizance of offenses which are declared such either at common law or by state statute, unless there is express adoption and direction by act of congress, I am constrained to hold that jurisdiction does not exist in this case. The motion must be granted, and the defendant discharged.
JOlINSON ELECTRIC SERVICE CO. v. POWERS REGUL.\.TOR CO.
(Circuit Court, N. D. Illlnois, N. D. 1. PATENTS-INTERPRETATION-INFRINGEMENT.
March 8, 1897.)
In a patent for a heat regulator, the diagrams showed, and the specifications described, a bar designed to expand and contract with changes of temperature, and the patentee stated that the valves were actuated "by the direct utlllzation of the mechanical effects of the expansion or contraction of the substances of which the thermostat is composed." The claims included, as elements of the combination, "a thermostat and a double valve operated directly thereby," and "a thermostat whose free portion is moved by a change of temperature in the surrounding medium." Held, that the patent was not infringed by a device in which the thermostatic power was furnished by confined rhigolene, which changes from a liqUid to a gaseous form, and back again, with variations of temperature. The Johnson patent, No. 314,027, for au improvement in "thermo-pneumatic temperature regulators," construed, and held not infringed.
II.
SAME-TEMPERATURE ·REGULATORS.
This was a suit in equity by the Johnson Electric Service Company agai:ast the Powers Regulator Company for alleged infringement of a patent. Winkler, Flanders, Smith, Bottum & Vilas, for complainant. Offield, Towle & Linthicum, for defendant. SHOWALTER, Circuit Judge. Complainant sues for the infringe· ment of claims 1 and 2 of letters patent of the United States numbered 314,027, for an improvement in thermo-pneumatic temperature regulators.. The patentee says in his specification: "My invention relates to a class of inventions used to control the temperature of apartments by automatically cutting olI or admitting the supply of .heat, audit consists in certain peculiarities of construction, as will be fully set forth hereinafter."
Again he says: , "In my present invention I utilize the expansion or contraction of substances resulting from a change of temperature to open or close air valves, which, by