HENDERSON tI. UNITEDSTATElI.
53
LACOMBE, Circuit Judge. The goods in question are silk veils in the piece. They come in rolls several yards in length, but are ornamented with a succession of borders, each surrounding a portion of the fabric of a size suitable for a veil. A series of veils are thus marked out, defined, and designated by these borders, and, although not separated from each other at the time of importation, are adapted for no other use than as veils, and only need cutting apart to make them completed veils. The dividing line of each separate veil is plainly indicated, and the fabrio can be cut only between the veils without destroying the design. They are manufactured, adapted, and intended for veils, and for nothing else. The appellants contend that the merchandise is dutiable under paragraph 414 of the tariff act of 1890, as "manufactures of silk, not specially provided for." The collector classified them as wearing apparel, under paragraph 413, which is as follows: "Par. 413. Laces and embroideries, handkerchiefs, neck ruftllngs and rochings, clothing ready made, and articla of wearing apparel of 6'D1YT'1/ de81Y1'iption, Including knit goods, made up or manufactund. wholly or in part by the tailor seamstress or manufacturer, composed of silk or of which silk Is the component material of chief value, not speclaJly provided fOl sixty per cent. ad valorem," etc.
The merchandise imported in this case is clearly within the italidzed portion of this paragraph. It is made up "in part," the operation of making up having progressed so far that it is easy to identify the particular article of wearing apparel it is to be, and the materials out of which it is made being rendered, so far as the evidence shows, practically useless for any other purpose. In this respect it differs from In re 56 Fed. 820, where the hemstitched lawns were as well adapted for use as window curtains as they were for women's skirts and aprons. Veils are manifestly wearing apparel, and these goods, being veils which only need to be cut off from the piece in order to be ready for use, were properly classified for duty as such. r,rhe decision of the circuit court is affirmed.
HENDERSON v, UNITED STATES.
(Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. January 9, 1895.) No. 56. CUSTOMS DUTIES-TARIFF ACT 1890 PART OWNER. FREE LIST THEATRICAL PROPERTIES-
Theatrical costumes Imported by one of two joint owners, for their joint use In the production of a theatrical burlesque, are not subject to duty (Tariff Act 1890, par. 686), upon the ground that they were Imported for another person as well as for the one arriving with them.
.ern District of New York.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the South-
This was a protest of Wemyss Henderson against the imposing, as.essing, and paying of any duty upon certain theatrical costumes
54
FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 66.
and properties brought by on the steamer City of New York into the port of New York on May 11, 1892. It appeared from the complainant's protest and the evidence taken by theboard of appraisers that the property was owned jointly by the protestant and his brother, David Henderson, proprietors of the American Extravaganza Company, and were to be used by this company in theatrical representations, The board of appraisers found that "the goods are theatrical effects, assessed for duty 'under various provisions of the tariff, and claimed to be exempt . from duty. as professional implements, under paragraph 686, 'l'ariff Act 1890. The articles ,were imported for the American Extravaganza Company, and arrived in the possession of Mr. 'Wemyss Henderson, who is. as the protest. states, one of the proprietors, owners, and managers of the company. Paragraph 680, in exempting from duty the instruments of occupation of persons arriving in the United States, provides that this exemption shall not include articles imported for any other person or persons. 'rhe board is of the opinion that the term 'persons' arriving in the United States means individuals arriving, and that the word 'persons' is not used in a corporate sense. Otherwise a member of a firm or corporation might go abroad and purchase wearing apparel for the whole firm 1l,l' corporation, and obtain exemption, under paragraph 752. We find that, in bringing in theatrical effects for his coproprietors or partners iI:. the American Extravaganza Company, Mr. Henderson imported articles for the use of other person or persons. The protest is overruled accordingly." Upon appeal, Wheeler, J., delivered the following opinion: "These theatrical costumes were imported as well for another person as for the one arriving with them, and do not come within the words of the statute making sueh costumes free as Implements of an occupation in some cases. .Judgment affirmed." The case is now heard upon a review of the judgment of the circuit court.
No opinion filed.
HENDERSON V. UNITED STATES.
55
mitted Ilis workmen to saw wood or make shoes with the tools Instead of. (ioing it himself. It is difficult to understand the distinction made by the board of appraisers between this and the Huntington Case. The board says "'that it is of the opinion that the term 'persons' arriving in the United States means individuals arriving." What does this mean? If anything, it applied to Miss Huntington and the members of her company equally as well as it .applies to the appellant and his brother, and yet the board held that the Huntington costumes were exempt from duty. Appellant is not to be deprived of the benefit of the exemption, for the sole reason that he is a partner with his brother in the play in which the costumes were to be used. In Mabbett v. 'Vhite, 12 N. Y. 455, the court say: "The relation subsisting between partners is of the most intimate and confidential nature. They are joint tenants of the stock and effects of the company. Their interests are joint and mutual, and each is seized per my et per tout. Each has entire possession, as weli of every part as of the whole, and each of two partners has an undivided moiety of the whole, and not the undivided whole of a moiety." The appraisers, as a reason for their decision, say that a member of a firm might go abroad and purchase wearing apparel for the whole firm. As articles of wearing apparel are not tools or implements of trade, we fail to appreciate the pertinency of the illustration. The appraisers conclude by saying: "We find that, in bringing in theatrical effects for his coproprietors or partners in the American FJxtravaganza Company, Mr. Henderson imported articles for the use of other person or persons."
Wallace Macfarlane, U. S. Atty., and Henry O. Platt, Asst. U. S. Atty. Before WALLACE, and SHIPMAN, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM. The appellant arrived at the port of New York 'on the steamer City of New York, May 11, 1892, bringing with him upon the steamer for importatio)l certain theatrical costumes and properties, owned by him and his brother as copartners, to be used in a certain play to be produced at a theatre of which he and his brother were the proprietors. The question upon this appeal is whether these importations were exempt from duty under paragraph 686 of the tariff act of 1890, which includes in the free list "professional books, implements, instruments, and tools of trade, occupation, or employment, in the actual possession at the time of the per· sons arriving in the United States; but this exemption shall not be to include machinery or other articles, imported for use in any manufacturing establishment, or for any other person or persons, or for sale." The board of general appraisers decided that the importations were not exempt from duty, but were excluded because the articles were imported as well for another person as for the one arriving with them, and the circuit court, which affirmed the decision of the board of general appraisers, was of the same opinion. We think the construction thus placed upon the statute too narrow and illiberal. The meaning of the restrictive clause, giving the language its natural import, is to exclude from the l:'xemption such articles as are brought by the one arriving with them, not for himself, but for some one else. Its apparent purpose is to suppress a common practice, and prevent the importation free of duty -of professional books, etc., which have been procured by the person arriving with them, not for himself, but as a friendly office for some -other person. Except for the restrictive clause, all such enumerated would escape duty, if brought here b;y the pel'son arriving
56
with them. Obviously, it was not the intention of congress to ex· empt only such tools, instruments, etc., as are to be used exclusively by the person who arrir-es with them. Such a construction would lead to the absurdity of making professional books dutiable if the owner intended to permit his students to use them, or tools in trade, if he intended to allow his workmen to use them. In the most favorable view for the appellee, the question is one of doubt, and the doubt should be resolved in favor of the appellant, "as duties are never imposed upon the citizen upon vague or doubtful interpretations." Hartranft v. Wiegmann, 121 U. S. 609, 7 Sup. ot. 1240. l'he decision of the circuit court is reversed.
WILLIAM ROGERS MANUF'G CO. v. R. W. ROGERS CO. et at (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. 1.
February 28, 1895.)
TRADE-MARK--USE OF PERSONAL NAME-CORPORATION.
The rule that the use of a personal name as a trade-mark will not be protected against its use in good faith by a defendant haVing the same name does not apply to the case of a corporation, which selects its own name, especially where it appears that the name was selected in order to mislead.
2. SAME.
One W. R. adopted a trade-mark for use upon silver-plated ware manufactured by him, of which the name "ll." formed the characteristic and important part. The use of such trade-mark was continued by R. and by the W. R. Co., his successor, for many years; and a high and valuable reputation was acquired by the goods manufactured by ll. and the W. R. Co., bearing such trade-mark. One ll. 'V. R., who had not been engaged in the manufacture of silver-plated ware, and was not known in the trade, except as a salesman, united with others in forming a corporation to which they gave the name of R. W. R. Co. and caused silver-plated ware to be manufactured for them, bearing a mark of which the name "R." was the characteristic and important part, and which might readily be mistaken for the mark of the W. R. Co. Held, that the use of the name "ll. W. R. Co.," as a distinctive mark for silverplated ware, would be enjoined.
This was a suit by the William Rogers Manufacturing Company against the R. W. Rogers Company, Frederick F. Spyer, Robert W. Rogers, William A. Jameson, and Samuel J. Moore, to enjoin the infringement of complainant's trade-mark. Complainant moved for a preliminary injunction on the bill and affidavits showing the following facts: William Rogers, for a long time prior to 1865, was engaged in the manufacture of silver-plated ware. In 1865 he associated himself with others in a copartnership under the name of the William Rogers Manufacturing Company, and in 1872 a corporation under the same name was organized by him and his associates, The silver-plated ware manufactured by Rogers, the firm, and the corporation was uniformly of high quality, and acquired a high reputation. All such ware was markerl with certain trademarks, in each of which the name "Rogel'S" wa,s the characteristic and important part; and the goods came to be known in the market by such trade-marks, and as "Rogers" goods. The defendant Robert W. Rogers had been a salesman of silver-plated ware, but had never manufactured such ware, or been known to possess any special skill In its manufacture. The defendant Spyer was a dealer in silver-plated ware, chiefly of an in-