lj
l'QRT ItOYAL & A. RY. i'l (,:
eo.
v. STATE OF SOUTHOAROLINA.
. , (Circuit Court, p. South Carolina. March 6, 1894.)
l.COUR'l'8.....JURISDICTION-On6Bs 'BILLAGAJNBT A STNfE.
a suitm e<Iultyagalnst certain corpolrations in one of her qWD"courts. The cause was theuremoved to a federaicourt, and a cross biIf'was flIed by one Of the defendants. 'Hela that, as the state had volunmrlly submitted herself to the jurisdiction, and as a cross bill is not· an orlginalsuit, the same could not be dismissed on' the ground that suitwlll not lie against a' stu,te. SERVIClll
2.S-\llRVIOIil
" When it. suit is Instituted by a state, imd a cross blll is filed against it, it is proper to serve the state by making substituted service upon the attorney general, by whom the bill was filed. ,1,
ON STATE.
The Qriginal bill in tb,isease was filed in the court of common 'pleas for 'the county of Beaufort, S. C,! by the state of South Carolina vs:the l}ort Royal & Augusta Railway Company and the Central Railroad'.&.. Banking Company. It was removed into this court, whereupon; after this removal, the croSs bill was filed by the Port RQyal& 'Augusta Railway Company. Subpoenas were issued, and the state of South Carolina was served bv substituted service on theitttorney general, by whom the or!gina:r bill was filed. A motion is now niade to set aside the service of the subpoena, and disriliss'the cross bill, the ground that it will not lie against a ' Mitchell & Smtth and Lawton & Cunningham, for complainant. O. W. Buchanan, Atty. Gen., and Smythe & Lee, for defendant. SIMONTON, Circuit Judge. There can be no doubt that a suit cannot be instituted in this court against a sovereign. state of the Union without its consent. The'1\'hMe point, therefore, turns upon the further question, is a ,cross bill a suit?, Story (Eq. PI. § 399) says: . "A cross bill is a defense to an or a proceeding necessary to of a matter alroody in litigation. It is treated as a mer,e auxlllary !luit, or as a dependency 'l:lpon an original suit."
Across bin, says Mitford (Eq. PI, 99, pp. 81,82), is considered s.ula defenseol,' as a proceeding to procure a complete determination of a matter already in litigation. Foster (Fed. Pro § 169) gives the same defi;nWon. Daniell (Ch. Pro [3d Eng. Ed.] 1647) gives this definition: ,"All a defendant:cannot pray anything in his answer except to be dismissed the court, if he,.h/ul any relief to pray or discovery to seek, he must do so by a bill of his oWn,-what is called a '.cross bill.' A cross bill is a bill brought by a defendant a plaintiff 01' other parties in a former bill depending, touchIng the matter In question in that bilL It is treated as a mere auxiliary SUit, 01' as depending on the original SUit, and can be sustained only on matter growing out of the original bill."
In Ayres
V.
Car:ver, 17 How. 595:
in the origlnai bill, as they cannot be properly examined In that suit, but constitute the SUbject-matter of an original, Independent suit."
"A cross bill should not Introduce new and distinct matters not embraced
ANGLIN 'II. TEXAS &I PAC. RY. CO.
553
And in that case, giving the same definition of a cross bill as is given by Daniell, the supreme court, as a corollary, thereupon approve the saying of Lord Hardwicke, quoted in Field v. Schieffelin, 7 Johns. Oh. 252, "that both the original and cross bill consti· tuted but one suit, so intimately are they connected with each other." A sovereign state cannot be forced into court against her consent; but a cross bill presupposes that the plaintiff is already in court rightfully, and when the state comes into court of her own accord, and invokes its aid, "she is, of course, bound by all the rules established for the administration of justice between individuals." State v. Pacific Guano Co., 22 S. C. 74. Of course, she is only bound quoad the matter submitted by her in her suit. Louisiana v. Jumel, 107 U.S. 728,2 Sup. Ct. 128. If this cross bill, onexamina· tion, be found to relate to any other matter than that contained in the original bill; if it seeks to inject new and foreign matter in the suit; if we find it abandons the proper office of defense, and seeks original and independent relief,-it is an improper cross bill, and is demurrable. We have not reached this point. The only question now before 'Us is, can the state be called to make defense to a cross bill filed in a suit instituted by herself? As by her own volition she is already in court, and as the cross bill is but a part of the defense to her suit, ancillary to and dependent upon it, we hold that she has by her own act subjected herself to all the rules established for the administration of justice between individuals, and must make her defense to this cross bill. The mode of service adopted in this case by substitution is approved. The attorney general is the representative of the state in all matters involving her rights in a court of justice. ANGLIN v. TEXAS & PAC. RY. CO. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit. January 23, 1894.) No. 200. MASTER AND !:lERVANT-RISKS OF EMPI,OYMENT-TRIAI,-DI:RECTING VERDICT.
Plaintiff', who was an old, experienced railroad man, in defendant's service, was directed to assist in moving a "dead" engine in the company's yard, and while so doing was injured, by being caught between that engine and another one that was standing- on an adjoining track. The work was done in open day. Plaintiff' could see both engines, and judge of the distance between them, and he was not directed to take any par· ticular position in working. that the evidence justified a peremptory verdict for the defendant, since the danger was one incident to the service.
In error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Texas. Action by John G. Anglin against the Texas & Pacific Railway Company. The court directed the jury to find for the defendant, and judgment was rendered accordingly. Plaintiff brings error. E. W. Tempel, for plaintiff in error. T. J.Freeman, for defendant in el·ror.