490
FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 54.
was at a particular time or for a particular penod, it is necessary for it to appear by some other appropriate averment in the indictment that such particular time had some connection with or reference to the time required by law for such residence and cultivation. Without such appropriate averment, the materiality of the particular time of such residence and cultivation averred to have been sworn to by defendant does not appear. The point raised by the demurrer to the indictment is not whether there are material or immaterial averments in the indictment; but whether the indictment shows that the matter alleged to have been sworn to by the defendant, and on which the perjury is assigned, was material in the proceeding in which the alleged false oath was My opinion is that the point is well made, and that the demurrer is good, and should be sustained. It is so ordered.. UNITED STATES v. MOOK CHEW. (OircuIt Oourt of Appeals, Ninth Oircuit. January 30, 1893.)
No. 47. OHINESE-CER'l'I1l'ICA'l'E-V AUDI'l'Y'
A certi1lcate of identification given by a Obinese consul in Japan, and visaed by 'the vice consui general of the United States at Yokohama, is not su1II.clent under section 6 of the exclusion act of July 5, 1884, in the absence of evidence, other than the certl.ftcate Itself, that the consul Issu· ing it has authority from the Chinese government to do so.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the North· ern District· of California. Habeas corpus proceeding by Mock Chew, a Chinese person who was refused permission to land in the United States. The circuit court discharged the petitioner, and permitted him to land. The United States appeals. Reversed. W. G. Witter. Asst. U. S. Atty. Thomas D. Riordan, for appellee. Before McKENNA. Circuit Judge, and MORROW, District Judge. McKENNA, Circuit Judge. The appellee alleges that he is a subject of the emperor of China and that he came to the United States on the steamer Gaelic, but that the collector of the port of San Francisco denied his application to land, basing his refusal on the Chinese restriction act of May 6, 1882, and the acts amenda· tory thereof and supplemental thereto. Appellee, however, claims the right to land by reason of a certificate issued to him by the Chinese consul at Yokohama, Japan. The certificate, with the indorsement of G. A. Scidmore, United States vice consul general, is as follows:
"H. I. Chinese Majesty's Consulate. . "Yokohama, Japan, May 14, 1891. "To Collectors of the Ports of the United States, and to All Others to Whom These Presents may Come, Greeting: I, the undersigned, consul of the imperial government of China at Yokohama, Japan, hereby certify that the following described .person Is entitled and permitted to go to and come from the United
UNITED STATES V. MOCK CHEW.
49j
States of Amerioo, of his own free will and accord, in accordance with provisions of article 2 of the treaty between the United States and China, dated Novem'ber17th, 1880. In conformity with section 6 of the restriction act. as amended July 5th, 1884, and the instructions given to collectors of customs by the secretary of the trellBUry, dated January 14th, 1885, this certificate Is issued to the following named person, and will be recognized,' upon production and delivery to the customs officers at the port of arrival, as prima facie evidence of his rlgbt of entry into the United States: Destination: Chong Tat Co., No. 803 Dupont street, San Description: Individual name, Moe Chew. Family name, Moo. Tribal name, Moe. Residence, No. 147 Yokohama. Title or official rank, - - . Age, 22. Height. 5 feet 4%, inches. Physical peculiarities, a long mark on the right side of neck. Occupation, (former and present,) merchant. How long pursued, 6 years. When, 1885. Where, Yokohama. Nature and character of, sundry goods. Value of, $800,000.13. Signature of above named. [Here follows Chinese signature.] Given by the Imperial government of China, and under my hand and seal of this consulate, at Yokohama, this 7th day of the 4th moon, in the 17th year of the emperor Kwang Shu. "[Chinese signature.] "n. I. Chinese Majesty's Consul, Lee Ju Chien. "[Chinese consulate seal.]" "[Vignette.] "Chinese Emigration Certi1lcate. "I. vice consul general of the United States at Kanagawa, (Yokohama,) Japan, hereby certify that I have personally examined into the truth of the statements set forth in the certificate hereto attached, of Lee Ju Chien, H. J. Chinese majesty's consul at the port of Yokohama, (Kanagawa,) with respect to Moe Chew, a Chinese merchant, certifying as to his right of entry into the United States, and that, after and upon such examination, I find that the statements contained in said certificate are true, and have duly visaed and indorsed said certificate. I further certify that the said Moo Chew came personally before me, and that upon personal examination I find that he is the identical person mentioned in said certificate, and for further identification I attach hereto a photograph of the said Moe Chew. I further certify that the seal and signature of the foregoing certificate are those of Lee Ju Chien, H. I. Chinese majesty's consul at this port. Description of emigrant: Name, Moo Chew. Age, 22 yeal'S. Height, five fE'et four and %. inches. General physical features, scar on right side of neck. Former occupation, merchant. Present occupation, merchant. Place of residence, No. 147 Yokohama, Japan. In witness whereof, I hereto set my hand and seal of office at the port of Kanagawa, (Yokohama,) Japan, this 15tll day of May, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety one. "G. A. Scidmore, "Vice Consul General of the United States, Kanagawa, Japan. "[Photograph of Mock Chew stamped on certificate, with consulate seal.] "12. No. 34. Visaed, May 15, 1891. "G. A. Scidmore, "U. S. Vice Consul General, Kanagawa, Japan. "[Consulate Seal.]"
The circuit court discharged the petitioner, and permitted him to land, from which the United States appeals. The case is submitted entirely on the certificate. Section 6 of the Chinese restriction act is as follows: "Sec. 6. That, in order to the falthful execution of the provisions of this act, every Chinese person, other than a laborer, who may be entitled by said treaty or this act to come within the United States, and who shall be about to come to the United States, shall obtain the permission of, and be identided as so entitled by, the Chinese government, or of such other foreign government of which, at the such Chinese person shall be subject, in each case to be evidenced by a certificate which shall be in tIle English language, and shall show such permission," etc. ". · · The c.erWlcate provided for
,FEDERAL REPORTER.
act, and the Identity of the person named thereln shall, before such person goes on board any vessel to proceed to the United States, be visne(l by the indorsement of the diplomatic representative of the United States in the foreign country from which such certificate issues, or of the consular representatives of the United States at the port or place from which the person named in the certiftcate is about to depart; and such diplomatic representative or consular representative whose indorsement Is so requlred Is hereby empowered, and it shall be his duty, before indorsing such certificate as aforesaid, to examine Into the truth of the statements set forth in said certiftcate; and if he shall find, upon examination, that said or any of the statements therein contained are untrue, it shall be his duty to refuse to indorse the same. Such certificate, visaed as aforesald, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts set forth therein, and shall be produced to the collector of customs of the port in the district In the United States at which the person named therein shall arrive, and afterward produced to the proper authorities of, the United States whenever lawfully demanded, and shall be the sole evidence permissible on the part of the person so producing the same to establish a right of entry into the United States; but said certificate may be controverted, and the facts therein stated disproved, by the United States authorities."
It is undoubtedly competent for the Chinese government to authorize its consuls to give the certificate prescribed by section 6, but t4ere is no proof in the case that it has done so. The appellee contends that the certificate itself is evidence of authority to issue it. ' We do not think so. It is also contended that no point was made in the court below on the want of authority of the consul to issue the certificate, .and, if such point had been made, proof of such authority could have been submitted. If such proof exist, the circuit court will no doubt hear it on the return of the case. The judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and the case remanded for further proceedings. In ra MATHESON et aI.
(Circult Court, S. D. New York.
March 14, 1893.)
CUSTOMS DUTIES-CJ,ASSIFICATJON-DYES--PRJMUJ,INE BUFF.
Primullne buff, a compound of a preparation from quercitron or black oak bark, 80 per cent., and alizarine, a preparation from coal tar, 20 per cent., is dutiable under the tariff act of October 1, 1890, Schedule A, par. 26. (26 St. p. 567,) imposing a duty of seven eighths of a cent per pound on dyewood extracts. and not under paragraph 18, imposing a duty of 35 per cent. ad valorem on coal-tar dyes.
Appeal by the Collector of the Port of New York from a Decision of the United States Board of General Appraisers sustaining the protest of the importers, and authorizing a reliquidation accordingly. Affirmed. Thomas Greenwood, Asst. U. S. Atty., for the collector. Albert Comstock, for respondents. , COXE"District Judge. The opinion of the board is as follows: . "SlIARPE,G. P. .':I'he merchandise consisted of an article known as primullne ,buff, and Is subject to duty under the act of October, 1890. The assistant appraiser reported that the article was submitted to the United States -meluist,who made return that it exhibited the qualifications of a coal·tal (lOlor, and it was thereupon classified for dUty, under paragraph 18, as a coal·
NATIONAL HARROW CO. V. HANBY.
493
tar color or dye, at 35 per cent. ad valorem. The appellant's claim that the merchandise is a dyewood extract, liable for duty under paragraph 26. "We find from the evidence adduced on the hearing that primuline bufr Is a preparation from quercitron, which is the bark of the black oak, sometimes called 'dyers' oak,' and that it is used in tanning, and more generally in dying. In the latter use it imparts to calicoes and cloths shades of yellow colors. There is an admixture of alizarine in the preparation, which modifies the color, and this part comes from coal tar. The evidence showed, however, that quercitron furnishes 80 per cent. and alizarine 20 per cent. of the compound. The chief agent in the tinctorial result comes from the quercitron, which is predominant, and the effect of the alizarine is subordinate. We also find that primuline bufr, at and prior to October 1, 1890, was known as a dyewood extract in the markets of the country and in the wholesale trade generally. On these findings we sustain the protest, and authorize a reliquidation accordingly."
It is thought that this decision is right and should be affirmed.
NATIONAL HARROW CO. v. HANBY. (Circuit Court, N. D. New York. March 2, 1893.) No. 5,973. 1. PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS-INFRINGEMENT-SPRING-TOOTH HARROWS.
a
Letters patent No. 388,306, granted August 21, 1888, to Reed and Clark, for an improvement in clips for spring-tooth harrows, claimed "the combination of a harrow beam, a tooth or share, a clip channeled on the under side, and the binding bolts, SUbstantially as set forth;" the object of the invention being to protect, by means of a front flange on the clip or washer, the bolt heads or burrs from wear. Held that, in view of the prior state of the art, the claim must receive a narrow construction; and it is not infringed by a harrow having but one bolt, passing through a hole in the tooth. with a recessed washer so constructed that the bolt head is protected from wear, but having no clip channeled on the under side. In a suit for infringement, the fact that defendant's machine Is patented is prima facie proof that it does not infringe. Brown v. Selby, 2 Biss. 457, followed.
SAME-SUIT FOR INFRINGEMENT-PATENT AS PRIl\IA FACIE PROOF.
In Equity. Suit by the National Harrow Company against James Hanby for the infringement of a patent. Bill dismissed. Charles H. Duell, for complainant. George B. Selden, for defendant. COXE, District Judge. The complainant, as assignee, sues for the infringement of letters patent, No. 388,306, granted to Reed and Clark, August 21, 1888, for an improvement in clips for springtooth harrows. The invention is an exceedingly simple one and ean be sufficiently understood by reading the claim which is as follows: "The combination of a harrow beam, a tooth or share, a clip channeled on the under side, and the binding bolts, substantially as set forth." The object of the invention is to protect, by means of a front flange on the clip 0[' washer, the bolt heads or the burrs from wear when the harrow is in use. The defenses are want of patentable novelty and non-infringement. Anyone at all familiar with patent litigation for the last decade will recognize that a pioneer invention in "spring-tooth hal'-