GILCHRIST
v. v.
HELENA, H. S. & S. R. CO.
593
et
at
HELENA, H.
S. & S. R. Co. et ai.
(Oircuit Court, D. Montana.
September 14,1891.)
1.
FOREIGN CORPORATIOKS-RwHT TO DO BUSINESS IN A
Compo St. Mont. 1888, § 442, p. 720, requiring foreign corporations, before doing business in the state, to file, in the office of therecorder of the county wherein it intends to carryon business, a copy of its charter, and certain verified statements as to its capital, does not prevent a foreign trust company which has not complied therewith from purchasing securities of a railroad company in the state, and taking a mortgage upon its property to secure them, since such isolated act is not doing business in the state.
2.
MORTGAGES FROM RAILROAD COMPANIES-RECORDING.
The general statute, (Comp. St. Mont. 1888, p. 1073, § 1555,) declaring that all mortgages of real or personal property executed by an incorporated company shall be recorded in the recorder's office of every county wherein any part of the property is situated, and shall be accompanied by the affidavit specified in Compo St. § 1538, relating to chattel mortgages, does not by implication repeal the earlier special statute, (Comp. St. Mont. 1888, p. 824, § 700,) relating to mortgages by railroad companies, and providing that the record in the office of the secretary of state of a mortgage by a railroad company, whose line is wholly or in part in Montana, shall be notice to all parties without furtller record. An answer coutaining mere allegations of law and legal inferences should be stricken out as irrelevant and immaterial.
3.
PLEADING-ANSWER-LEGAL INFERENCES.
In Equity. On exceptions to answer to cross-bill. Toole &- Wallace and A. K. Barbour, for cross-complainant. Henry C. Smith, Sterling &- Muffly, Walsh &- Newman, and T. D. Penry, for defendants. KNOWJ,ES,.r. One of the defendants in the above-entitled action, the Northwestern Guaranty Loan Company, filed therein its cross-bill asking for affirmative relief against plaintiffs and all the other defendants. The said defendants have answered this bill. A part of them join in one answer, a part in another answer, and John Steadman, J. S. Keerl, and the Helena Steam Heating & Supply Company each in separate answers. In each one of these answers the following allegations are made, to-wit: " (1) That the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company of New York. in said bill mentioned, has not, and at the time the pretendild mortgage was executed had not, filed in the office of the secretary of Montana, or in the office of the clerk and recorder of said Lewis and Clarke county, an authenticated copy of its certificate of incorporation, or a verified and attested statement showing the name of said corporation, and the location of its office, the amount of its capital stock, and the amount actually paid in, the amount of its assets, and the cash value thereof, or any of the other statements required by the laws of the state of Montana, and therefore was not qualified or competent to make or enter into a contract within the state of Montana. (2) That said pretended mortgage was not executed, verified, and recorded liS provided in the laws of the state of Montana, in that it is not recorded in the office of the clerk and recorder of Lewis and Clarke county, wherein the property is situated. and does not contain the affidavit pres<:ribedby section 1555 of the statutes of Montana. (3) That the said Guaranty Loan Company, or the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company, or its assigns, should not be heard to assert, and should not assert, a claim under said pretended mortgage adverse
v.47F.no.9-!38
594
FEDERAIJ REPORTER,
vol. 47.
:..
.
GILCHJUST V. HELENA, H. S. & S. R. CO.
595
business in a state. Maniifactttring Co.v. Ferguson; 113 U. S. 727,5 Sup. Ct. Rep, 739. This clause in the answers of defendants is immaterial, and the objection to the same well taken. The same objection was interposed to the second of the above allegations. It appears that in section 1555, Compo St. Mont. 1888, p. 1073, there is a statl1te which provides as follows: "That all mortgages 01' deeds of trust of both real and personal property within the territory, heretofore or hereafter execHteu by any incorporated company, shall be governed by the la ws relati ng to mortgages or deeds of real property, and be recorded in the otlice of the recorder of every county where any part of said property is situated, al'd the same shall Qe valid notwithstanding the possession of such property is retained byauch person or persons, company or corporation: provided, that any mortgage or deed of trust which shall hereafter be executed shall be accompanied by the affidavit specified in section 1 of the act entitled ·An act concerning chattel mortgages,' approved J<'ebmary 19, 1881, (section 1538, Compo St. Mont.,) and which atlidavit may be made on behalf of any such company or corporation by the president, secretary, or managing agent thereof." Wherever the term" territory" occurs in the statutes of Montana, by a provision in the constitution of MOlitana, the term "state" should be inserted. This is a general law, and from its terms would seem to apply to all corporations, and to require an affidavit attached to all mortgages executed by tl;le same, such as is required to be attached to chattel mortgages, and that these mortgages should be recorded with the county recorder in the proper counties. It is not necessary to consider what would be the effect upon a mortgage between the parties thereto if there should be a failure to conjply with the above provisions. There is another statute upon the subject of mortgages executed by railroad corporations. The Helena, Hot Springs & Smelter Railroad Company is a railroad corporation. This latter statute provides that a railroad corporation organized under the laws of Montana, or the United States, or any other state whose line may be wholly or partly in this state, may make and negotiate its bonds, and execute a mortgage or deed of trust to secure the same, and contains this clause: "Providen, that the record thereof in the office of the secretary of the territory shall be notice of ita existence and c6ntents to all parties whomsoever, without any further record tbereof whatsoever, and it shall be the duty of the secretary to record in his office any such mortgage or deed of trust when presented for that purpose." See Compo St. Mont. 1888, § 706, p. 824. This statute may have been passed some seven days before the former. If the former repeals this, it must do it by implication. But the rule is well settled that the law does not favor the repeal of a statute by implication. Chew Heong v. U. S., 112 U. S. 536,5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 255. And, if a special provision of a statute can reasonably well consist with the general legislation upon the subject, both may stand, one applying to the special case or subject, and the latter generally. State V. StoU, 17 Wall. 425; Ex parte Crow Dog, 109 U. S. 556, 3 Sup. Ct. Rep. 396. "A general later affirmative law does not abrogate an earlier special one by
596
FEDERAl, REPORTER,
mere implication." Endl. Interp. St; § 223. It is evident from these authorities that the statute in regard to mortgages executed by railroad corporations cannot be considered as repealed by the first general statute above cited. Both may stand, one being the generallaw of the land, the other applying to a special subject. Under the special statute, there was no need of recording the mortgage in the office of the county recorder, and the requisites of an affidavit do not apply so as at least to affect the validity of the mortgage between the parties, if at all. The objection to these allegations were well taken. The allegations last set forth, to which complainant filed its objections, amounting to a charge that the same were irrelevant and immaterial, I think must be considered for the most part as an argument; and it .is not proper to insert an argument ina pleading. Story, Eq. PI. § 852. There are also allegations of lawaI' legal inferences in this portion of defendants' answer, and' this is improper pleading. In the case of Dillon v. Barnard, 21 Wall. 430, the supreme court said: "The positions thus asserted must find their support, if at all, in the provisioIls of the indenture of mortgage. If not sustained there. they are not The averment of the bill as to the purport and meaning sustained of the provisions of the indenture. theobject of their insertion in the instrument, and the obligations they impose upon the corporation and the trustees. and the rights they conferred upon the plaintiff when his contraCt was approved, are not admitted by the demufrer. These are matters of Il'gal inference. conclusions of law upon the construction of the indenture, and are open to contention, a copy of the instrumelit itself being annexed to the bill, aUd therefore before the court,for inspection. A demurrer only admits facts well pleaded; it does I\ot admit inference and argument, however clearly stated." This would seem to be a very direct authority as to the force of such pleading. In Daniell's eh. Pl'. *545, in speaking of the force of a demurrer, this language is used: "It does not, therefore, admit any matters of law which are suggested in the bill. or inferred from the facts stated; for, strictly speaking, arguments or inferences, or matters of law, ought not to be stated in pleading." I am therefore of the opinion that the objection to these allegations is also well taken. In making this ruling, I wish it understood, I express no opinion upon the point of law sought to be presented in these last allegations as to the construction of section 707, Oomp. St. Mont. p. 824. When the proper facts appear, it will be time enough for the court to consider this question. For the reasons stated the portions of each one of the answers above named which were objected to are ordered to be stricken thertlfrom.
VALENTINE V. VAI,ENTINE.
597
VALENTlI'iE V. VALENTINE
et al.
(CircuM Court, N. D. California.
July 27, 1891.)
MINING LANDS-RESERVATIONS IN RAILROAD GRANTS-EvIDENCE.
Act Congo July 1, 1862, granting lands to aid iu the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad, contained a proviso excepting all mineral land from the operation thereof. In an action of ejectment it appeared that. the land in question was within the grant, and that in certain ravines thereon mining had been carried on from 1850 to 1807, and that residents in the vicinity considered it mineral land; that the map of definitt'llocation of the road had not been filed until November, 1866, and that prior to that time two quartz lodes had been located on the land; that plaintiff had bought the land of the company, and when her agent was negotiating for it he was informed by the company that the land was reserved as mineral land, and that its 8tatu8 as such would probably be sustained. The defendants claimed under laws of the United States relating to mineral lands. Beld that, upon the facts stated in the opinion, the defendants were entitled to judgment. Following Fromcoeur v. Newho1tSe, 43 Fed. Rep. 236.
At Law. Action of ejectment by Marie A. Valentine against S. D. Valentine and others. Joseph D. Redding and B. E. Valentine, for plaintiff. C. H. Lindley and Henry Eickhoff', for defendants. HAWLEY, J. This is an action of ejectment. The case was tried before the court without a jury. The plaintifi' claims title to the S. E. t of section 33. of township 15 N., of range 9 E., M. D. M. She alleges in her cf'illplaint that defendants have wrongfully and unlawfully ousted and ejected her from a portion of said land, to-wit: "Two shafts. Slink for mining purposes, and the under-ground workitgs connected therewith. called by them the' Big Oak 'free Mine;' together with the surface ground occupied by hoisting works. and two smaller buildings. all situated upon the portion of said section designated LIpon the segregation surveys of Baid township as lot No. 37 and lot No, 3. * * * to which prtmises the defendants pretend to assert a claim under the laws of the United States relating to mineral land."
Plaintiff's title to the quarter section was acquired from the Central Pacific Railroad Company. The title of the railroad company is dependent for its validity upon the construction to be given to the act of congress of July 1, 1862, granting lands "to aid in the construction of a railroad * * * from the :Missouri river to the Pacific ocean," (12 St. U. S. 489,) and to proofs as to the character of the land, whether mineral or non-mineral. The land is in an odd-numbered section within the terms of said grant, and the title thereto passed from the government to the railroad corporation, unless the land is "mineral land" within the meaning of those words as contained in the proviso of section 3 of said act of congress, which reads as follows: "Provided, that all mineral lands shall be excepted from the operation of this act." Judge SAWYER, in lilr'ancoeur v. Newhouse, upon demurrer to complaint, held that this exception of mineral lands from the grant only extended to lands known to be mineral, '01' apparently Inineral, at the time when the grant attached; that the discovery of a gold mine in the lands after