MATTESON V. CAINE.
525
suIts accomplished by the invention described in the patent; and hence that such structural modification is within the constructive scope of the description. But a patentee may certainly restrict the comprehensiveness of his patent rights by the tenor of his claims. Has he done so in this instance? The first claim is quite precise in its terms, and claims "the diagonal springs, G, G, running from below the center of the front axle to the ends of the hind axle, and suspended under the same by jacks, a, a, substantially as herein set forth." The argument that by the terms of this claim the point of attachment to the axle is made essential, and that it covers only diagonal springs, attached at the point indicated, is not without great force; but it is unnecessary to determine its construction and effect. The second claim is free from ambiguity, and covers the patentee's invention. It is as follows: "The combination of the parallel top springs. A, A, the diagonal bottom springs, G, G, and center stay, K, suustantially as and for the purposes herein set forth."
It contains no such limitation as is expressed in the first claim. It states the elements of the combination invented, and claims it without qualification, "substantially as and for the purposes set forth." It is, therefore, comprehensive enough, as was held in TVinans v. Dcnlllcad, supra, to cover not only the precise forms described, but all other forms which embody the invention. I cannot discover any special difference between the device made and used by the respondent, and that covered by the complainant's patent. Whatever difference there is, is only in arrangement, not in principle. They both embody the same elements, operate in substantially the same way, and produce the same results. Of the patents-three in number-which are alleged to disprove priority of invention by Jackson, it is unnecessary to speak in detail. They are at least distinguishable from Jackson's invention in this: that they are without an essential and useful element of his combination,-the rigidly attached cross-stay, K,-and therefore do not embody his invention. There must be a decree for the complainant for an injunction and an account, with costs.
and others v. CAIXE. 1 (Circuit Court, D. California. 1. ·
FelJruary 5, 1883.·
.A patent for a combination of se\'eral clements is not infrmged by a machine
which does not emlJrace all the clements employed to make up the combina· tion 3, claimed. 1 From 'th Sawyer.
52G 2. ANTICIPATION.
FEDERAL REPORTER.
A plow standard, with a lug on the upper end, by means of which it is fastened to the plow-beam by three bolts and nuts, not in line, but arranged in the form of a triangle, is anticipated by a cultivator standard fastened to the beam, or bar, by three bolts, arranged in the form of a triangle, although the head of the standard is square, instead of having a lug; and a standard having a bolt and uut with twu dowel pius, similarly arranged, is also au anticipation.
In Equity. Wheaton (£- Harpham, for complainants. J. II. Budd and J. L. Boone, for defendant. SAWYER, J., (orally.) This is a bill upon the second reissue of a pat-ent. The reissued patent contains two claims, the first of which is as follows: "The curved standard, A, with the lug, D, and the offsets, D and E, substantially as and for the purpose described." 'rhat is a claim for the standard as a whole, but embracing certain elements, and is, in effect, a claim for a complete standard, made up of all those elements in combination; in other words, a patent for a combination. The point is made here that the bill does not embrace this first claim, but that the suit is brought for an infringement of the second claim only of the patent. I think otherwise. An infringement of the first claim is clearly within the scope of the bill. A standard introduced in evidence by complainants, and marked "Exhibit C," shows the complainants' standard as now made; and another, marked "Exhibit S," shows it as formerly made by them; and the standard, Exhibit B, made by defendant, is that which is claimed to be an infringement. If Exhibit C is conred by the patent, then Exhibit B is an infringement. The question is whether or not Exhibit C is constructed in accordance with the patent. I find this difficulty in relation to that exhibit. Exhibit C does not contain one of the elements of the combination described in the first claim of the patent, namely, the offset, D. This offset, as well as the other elements, is ,ery distinctly shown in the dra"ings of the patent, and described in the specifications, and is an element which is distinctlv claimed as one of the features of the invention, as is shown by the foilowing lan;:;uage in the specifications: "An offset is made at the point, D, of the standard, a little below the upper edge of the mould-board, and another at the point, E, so that the mould-board projects a little beyond the sbmdard." The o_ffsct, D, then, is one of the features of the invention described in the specifications of the patent, and it is distinctly claimed in the first claim as one of the elements of the combination, "hich makes up the completed standard in one piece, composed of the standard, A, the lug, B, and the two offsets, D and E. One of the elements of this combination, then, the offset, D, is not contained in the standard, Exhibit B, which is claimed to be an illfringement; nor is it in Exhibit C, which represents the stalldanl as now made by the complainants; no:" is it seen in Exhibit S, the stal:c1-
MATTESON
v.
CAINE.
527
ar<loriginal1y manufactured under the patent. A standard which does not contain all of the elements of the patented combination is not an infringement. The combination is patented as an entirety. Cuolidge v. McCone, 2 Sawy. 576, and casel:' cited; Sarven y. Hall, 5 Fisher, 427. As defendant's standard does not contain the element referred to, offset D, I am compelled to hold that it is not an infringement upon the first claim of complainants' patent. The second claim .of the patent is: "A plow standard, constructed with the lug) B, upon its upper end, as described, so that the hole, b, may be outside of a direct line, with the holes, a, a, substantially as and for the purpose set forth." That claim is not in the original patent, or in the first reissue, but is only found in the second l:eissue. It is contended by the defendant that the second claim is improperly inserted in the patent ; but, for the purpose of my decision, I shall assume that it isa proper claim. I find, however, that the invention intended to he covered by that claim is anticipated by the devices shown in Exhibits 4 and 15. The only features of the standard-head described in this claim is the arrangement of the three bolts, and holes, a, a, and b,one out of line with the other two,for the purpose of strengthening the attachment of the standard to the plow-beam. That device is simply a combination of the standard with the bolt-holes and bolts arranged as described; that is, arranged in the form of a triangle, clearly giving a firmer support than would be given if they were ari'anged in a straight line. Exhibit 4 is not a plow standard, but it is a cultivator standard, which is substantially the same thing, as the cultivator is practically a small plow, and the use of the standard-head on Exhibit 4: was of a date prior to the date of complainant's patent. The cultivator standard-head is not of the same shape as the head of the complainants' standard, but is square; but the arrangement of the bolts and bolt-holes is the same in ooth,-the bolts and holes being arranged in a triangle in the square head,-and the purpose of strengthening the attachment to the beam is accomplished by both in precisely the same way and by the same means. The difference in shape of the two hends is of no consequence. It does not matter whether the head of Exhibit 4 was made as there shown, square, or whether pieces were cut out of its sides, or two of its corners cut off so as to make a lug or triangle on it, like that in complainants' standard-head. Substantially they are the same. The bolts and holes are arranged in the same way in the head. Exhibit 15 is also a cultivator standard, which was in use several years anterior to tile date of the patent. The head of that standard also has the three holes, one out of line with the otllers. Only "ne of these holes, 110we.-er, was for a bolt to pass through to be fastened with a nut, but tile other two were macle to receiYe clowel-pins instead of bolts. But tile bolts are the equiYlllent of tile dowel-pins, find the
528
purpose in both cases is the same-to strengthen the attachment of the standard to the beam. Exhibit 15, then, is a complete anticipation of the invention covered by the second claim of the patent. Another standard-head introduced in evidence, which was made by Eperry, shows this same arrangement of the three holes out of line, one with the others; but the evidence as to prior use by Sperry is not very satisfactory. Three or four witnesses for the defendant state that it was made and used by Sperry 20 years or more ago; but there is testimony to the contrary on the part of complainants. One witness testified that Sperry died about 20 years ago, which is very indefinite. Defendant insists that this so-called Srerry standard was made before Sperry died, and before the date of plaintiff's invention. Mr. Matteson, however, states that he had a conversation with Sperry, in which Sperry called his attention to his tenon-head standard, and asked him if he could not rig another head for it; that he told Sperry that he could, and showed him the standard-head duscribed in the patent; and that Sperry's standard was thereupon changed, upon Matteson's suggestion, and the Matteson or patented head substitated for the tenon-head. As I have stated, the testimony in relation to the prior use of this Sperry standard-head is not satisfactory; but the standard-heads upon Exhibits 4 and 15, I think, clearly show an anticipation of the device described in the second claim of complainants' patent. I shall, therefore, be compelled to find against tile validity of tllat claim upon that ground. A decree will be entered dismissing the bill.
UNITED NICKEL
Co. v.
NEW HOME SEWING MACHINE
Co.
(Circuit Court, 8. D. New York. . Where it. appears that
July 20,1883.)
PATENTS FOR INVRNTWXs-INFRINGE'fENT-PnRI,nnNARY iNJUNCTTON·
tiff complains of, and that
has been duing for seven ):ears plaindefendant at law In a elrcUit court of the united 8tates for the infringement of the patcnt DOW sued on and that suit at .law, after proceeding to a declaration, has becn allowed' by plaintiff to rema;n unpro'eclltecl, and that dcfcndant is pecullillril,r responsible a prcliminar,r injunction will not be granted. ' In
10dO he
Motion for Preliminary Injunction. Dickerson J; Dirkersol/, for plaintiff. TV. A. Jenner and Chauncey Smith, for defendant· · BLATCHFORD, Justice. I do not deem it or proper to considet, on this motion for a preliminary injunction, the merits of the controversy between the parties, for there is a sufficient ground for den,ring the motion in the fact that the defendant has been doing for